Value
Value created when a problem solved, not a solution provided.
Who are your users?
Our clients are of course one of our users. Actually, there are also other kind of users. For backend programmers, web/app programmers are your users. For project managers, both clients and dev team are your users.
Figure out who will directly use your work.
What do they need?
Then, we can ask: what are their goals? We all do something for a purpose, regardless if it is a productive or shady reason.
Find out what end results your work should bring your users.
Deliver value, not work
Productivity has a linear relationship for simple goals. It is obvious between what you do and what you output. So it makes sense to think in terms of efficiency.
However, as goals get complex, we have to switch to think in terms of value delivered to your users.
There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all - Peter Drucker